With the development of microelectronics technology in the 20th century, miniaturized devices have become increasingly common, placing high demands on power supplies. Lithium batteries subsequently entered a stage of large-scale practical application.
The earliest application was of lithium-ion primary batteries, used in pacemakers. Due to their extremely low self-discharge rate and very gradual discharge voltage, lithium-ion batteries made long-term implantation of pacemakers possible.
Lithium-manganese batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable as integrated circuit power supplies and widely used in computers, calculators, and watches.
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in mobile phones, laptops, power tools, electric vehicles, backup power supplies for streetlights, navigation lights, and small household appliances, representing arguably the largest application group.
