(1) Leaf Spring: Composed of multiple steel plates of unequal length and curvature stacked together. After installation, both ends naturally bend upwards. Besides its cushioning effect, the leaf spring also provides some vibration damping, and when arranged longitudinally, it also guides and transmits force. Non-independent suspensions mostly use leaf springs as the elastic element, eliminating the need for guide devices and shock absorbers, resulting in a simple structure.
(2) Coil Spring: Only provides cushioning and is mostly used in independent suspension systems for passenger cars. Since it lacks vibration damping and force transmission functions, it requires dedicated shock absorbers and guide devices.
(3) Gas Spring: Uses gas as the elastic medium and liquid as the force transmission medium. It not only has good cushioning capabilities but also provides vibration damping and can adjust the frame height, making it suitable for heavy vehicles and buses.
(4) Torsion Bar Spring: One end of a torsion bar made of spring rod is fixed to the frame, and the other end is connected to the wheel via a swing arm. It utilizes the torsional deformation of the torsion bar when the wheel bounces to provide cushioning, making it suitable for independent suspensions.
